Outside Broadcasting (OB) brings live events to our screens, from sports and concerts to news and ceremonies. A crucial element of any OB setup is the camera system, capturing the action and delivering it to viewers. This post dives into the world of OB camera systems, exploring the different types of cameras, lens technology, and camera control units (CCUs).
Types of Cameras
OB setups utilize various camera types, each with specific strengths:
ENG (Electronic News Gathering) Cameras: These are designed for fast-paced, mobile shooting. Compact and lightweight, ENG cameras are ideal for news coverage and documentaries where agility is key. They often feature built-in recording capabilities and are designed for single-operator use.
EFP (Electronic Field Production) Cameras: EFP cameras bridge the gap between ENG and studio cameras. While they can be used in handheld configurations, they are more commonly part of a multi-camera setup in OB vans. EFP cameras offer greater flexibility in terms of image control and are often used for live events like sports and concerts.
Lens Technology
The lens is a critical component of any camera system, and OB setups demand high-quality lenses to capture sharp, detailed images. Key lens features include:
Focal Length: This determines the angle of view and magnification. OB setups use a range of lenses, from wide-angle for capturing the overall scene to telephoto for close-ups of the action.
Aperture: The aperture controls the amount of light entering the camera. A wider aperture (smaller f-number) allows for shallower depth of field, creating a blurred background effect.
Zoom Range: Zoom lenses offer a range of focal lengths, allowing operators to adjust the framing without changing lenses.
Image Stabilization: This technology minimizes the effects of camera shake, especially important when using long telephoto lenses.
Camera Control Units (CCUs)
CCUs are essential for managing and controlling the cameras in an OB setup. They provide a centralized hub for:
Video Signal Processing: CCUs process the video signal from the camera, adjusting parameters like color, brightness, and contrast.
Camera Control: Operators can remotely control camera settings such as iris, gain, and focus from the CCU.
Intercom: CCUs often include intercom systems for communication between the director, camera operators, and other crew members.
Power Supply: CCUs provide power to the cameras, simplifying cabling and setup.
Conclusion
Camera systems are the eyes of any OB production, capturing the excitement and drama of live events. By understanding the different types of cameras, lens technology, and the role of CCUs, we gain a deeper appreciation for the technology that brings these events to our screens. Whether it's the agility of an ENG camera, the versatility of an EFP camera, or the precision of a studio camera, each plays a vital role in delivering high-quality broadcasts.
By Damien Gonzalvers
University of Television